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英语实用小手册:分词的分类(二)

http://www.sina.com.cn  2009年08月11日 22:44  中国奥数网 

  三、用作状语的-ED分词

  这样的-ed分词通常来自及物动词。-ed分词用作状语时,跟-ing分词作状语时一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间,条件,原因,伴随状况等。-ed分词结构作状语,前边往往可以加when, while, if, as if, though。这时,我们可以把-ed分词结构理解为一个省略句,即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来,这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

  1. 表示时间

  4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, ______focused on domestic rather than oreign policies。

  [A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and

  [B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and

  [C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley

  [D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term

  解析:D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ed分词相当于一个时间状语从句“When he was inaugurated a second time …”,主句的主语应当是人,所以A和D为可能选项,但A中的look forward to后应跟名词,那么只有D为正确选项。

  2. 表示条件

  5) ________under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six pointed shape.[A] Seen

  [B] Sees

  [C] Seeing

  [D] To see

  解析:A为正确答案。本句的意思是“在显微镜下看,雪花……”,显然这里的看是“被观察”之义。B、C、D都表示主动,A为正确选项。

  -ed分词作状语跟-ing作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。

  1。表示时间

  Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion。

  从远处看,这座山脉象一头狮子。

  2。表示原因

  Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word。

  由于受到不公平的批评,她默默地离开了办公室。

  3。表示条件

  Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well。

  如果每天浇一次水,这花会长得很好。

  4。表示伴随状况

  He stood there, fascinated by the singing。

  他站在那儿,被歌声所吸引。

  在句子深层结构中,-ed分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果-ed分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,-ed分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/without等引导的介词短语表达出来。如:

  The question settled, they left for home。

  问题解决了,他们就回家了。

  With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a good suggestion。

  统观全局,我们认为这是一个好的提议。

  6) __________ to steel, chromium(铬) increases the metal's hardness。

  [A] Added

  [B] In addition

  [C] Adding

  [D] Adds

  解析:A为正确答案。(同上)

  7) __________ enough food and water, they could have beaten the enemy。

  [A] Being given

  [B] Given

  [C] Give

  [D] To give

  解析:B为正确答案。(同上)

  3. 表示原因

  8) Encouraged by his mother, ________________________。

  [A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent

  [B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art

  [C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent

  [D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence。

  解析:D为正确答案。四个选项中,只有D的主语为“John Singer Sargent”(人名) ,而只有人才能被“encouraged”(鼓舞),也就是说,只有D中的主语能充当空白前-ED分词短语的逻辑主语。

  9) __________ by the decision, the lawyer quickly left the court room。

  [A] Angering

  [B] Having angered

  [C] Being angry

  [D] Angered

  解析:D为正确答案。空白处只能用-ED分词才可和后面的“by”短语发生联系,并且其逻辑主语和主句主语一致。

  10) Written in great haste, ____________________。

  [A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report

  [B] there are plenty of errors in the report

  [C] we found several mistakes in his report

  [D] the books is full of errors。

  解析:D为正确答案。本句的意思是“由于(被)写得急,……”,所以A和C不对。虽然B中的主语“plenty of errors”与“written”逻辑上可以呼应,但与“in the great haste”不一致。 “Written in great haste”的逻辑主语还是“the books”。所以D正确。

 


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