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三、用作状语的-ED分词
这样的-ed分词通常来自及物动词。-ed分词用作状语时,跟-ing分词作状语时一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间,条件,原因,伴随状况等。-ed分词结构作状语,前边往往可以加when, while, if, as if, though。这时,我们可以把-ed分词结构理解为一个省略句,即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来,这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
1. 表示时间
4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, ______focused on domestic rather than oreign policies。
[A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
[B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
[C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
[D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term
解析:D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ed分词相当于一个时间状语从句“When he was inaugurated a second time …”,主句的主语应当是人,所以A和D为可能选项,但A中的look forward to后应跟名词,那么只有D为正确选项。
2. 表示条件
5) ________under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six pointed shape.[A] Seen
[B] Sees
[C] Seeing
[D] To see
解析:A为正确答案。本句的意思是“在显微镜下看,雪花……”,显然这里的看是“被观察”之义。B、C、D都表示主动,A为正确选项。
-ed分词作状语跟-ing作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
1。表示时间
Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion。
从远处看,这座山脉象一头狮子。
2。表示原因
Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word。
由于受到不公平的批评,她默默地离开了办公室。
3。表示条件
Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well。
如果每天浇一次水,这花会长得很好。
4。表示伴随状况
He stood there, fascinated by the singing。
他站在那儿,被歌声所吸引。
在句子深层结构中,-ed分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果-ed分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,-ed分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/without等引导的介词短语表达出来。如:
The question settled, they left for home。
问题解决了,他们就回家了。
With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a good suggestion。
统观全局,我们认为这是一个好的提议。
6) __________ to steel, chromium(铬) increases the metal's hardness。
[A] Added
[B] In addition
[C] Adding
[D] Adds
解析:A为正确答案。(同上)
7) __________ enough food and water, they could have beaten the enemy。
[A] Being given
[B] Given
[C] Give
[D] To give
解析:B为正确答案。(同上)
3. 表示原因
8) Encouraged by his mother, ________________________。
[A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
[C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence。
解析:D为正确答案。四个选项中,只有D的主语为“John Singer Sargent”(人名) ,而只有人才能被“encouraged”(鼓舞),也就是说,只有D中的主语能充当空白前-ED分词短语的逻辑主语。
9) __________ by the decision, the lawyer quickly left the court room。
[A] Angering
[B] Having angered
[C] Being angry
[D] Angered
解析:D为正确答案。空白处只能用-ED分词才可和后面的“by”短语发生联系,并且其逻辑主语和主句主语一致。
10) Written in great haste, ____________________。
[A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report
[B] there are plenty of errors in the report
[C] we found several mistakes in his report
[D] the books is full of errors。
解析:D为正确答案。本句的意思是“由于(被)写得急,……”,所以A和C不对。虽然B中的主语“plenty of errors”与“written”逻辑上可以呼应,但与“in the great haste”不一致。 “Written in great haste”的逻辑主语还是“the books”。所以D正确。