4. 表示伴随状况：

　　-ed分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换。

　　11) ______________ was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834。

　　［A］ Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch

　　［B］ The Dutch settled Brooklyn

　　［C］ Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch

　　［D］ Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn

　　解析：D为正确答案。从上下文看，空档处的主语应是表示要点的名词(“as a city”)，那么A不对；B和C都是一分句，而空档后是谓语部分，它们不作为正确选项。

　　12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, __________ completely to the outside world。

　　［A］ being lost

　　［B］ having lost

　　［C］ losing

　　［D］ lost

　　解析：D为正确答案。

　　5. 表示让步

　　13) Francis Preston Blair, Jr., __________ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in issouri。

　　［A］ was

　　［B］ he was

　　［C］ although

　　［D］ who he was

　　解析：C为正确答案。

　　6. 表示结果

　　14) _____________ in all parts of the state, pines are the most common trees in Georgia。

　　［A］ Found

　　［B］ Finding them

　　［C］ To find them

　　［D］ They are found

　　解析：正确答案为A。本句的主语为pines(松树) ，这样就排除了B 选项，因为-ING分词表主动，而“松树”不可能是“找”(find)这个动作的逻辑主语，即动作发出者。故只有A“found”(被发现) 的逻辑主语与“pines”一致，应选A。

　　7. 表示目的

　　15) They should be kept here ___________ this matter。

　　［A］ informing about

　　［B］ be informed

　　［C］ be informed of

　　［D］ informed of

　　解析：D为正确答案。

　　8. 表示背景和衬托

　　16) Known for her caricatures(漫画) of the United States society, ______________________。

　　［A］ Peggy Brown wrote and illustrated books for children

　　［B］ the writing and illustrating of books for children by Peggy Brown

　　［C］ children's books were written and illustrated by Peggy Brown

　　［D］ Peggy Brown's writing and illustrating of children's books

　　解析：A为正确答案。空档前是-ed分词短语，空档处应是主谓俱全句，排除B和D。从-ED分词短语中(Known for her …)可知，主句的主语是人而不是物，所以C也不对。

　　17) Well known as a splendid pianist in Boston, _______________。

　　A］ we all are pleased to hear Mr. Anderson's concerto(小协奏曲)

　　［B］ a concerto was composed by Mr. Anderson

　　［C］ Mr. Anderson composed a concerto

　　［D］ Mr. Anderson's concerto was composed

　　解析：C为正确答案。(同上)

　　四、-ed分词在复合结构中

　　Don't get your schedule changed; stay with us in this class。

　　Peter had his gas and electricity turned on when he moved into his new apartment last month。

　　He kept his mouth shut and stayed where he was。(他闭口不言，呆在原地不动。)

　　They are talking about the experiment made in the new lab。

　　五、独立结构

　　如果-ed分词短语与-ing短语带有与句子主语不同的主语，即本短语自己本身带有主语，这就构成了独立结构(也叫独立主格结构或垂悬结构)，这种结构也可作状语表示时间，原因等。有时在独立结构前还可加介词with 或 without。

　　Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his coming。

　　18) This ________, we went out to play。

　　［A］ was done

　　［B］ did

　　［C］ was dong

　　［D］ done

　　解析：D为正确答案。A是不对的，如果we前加上and，才能选A。

　　19) _______ all his followers dead, the commander was taken by his enemy。

　　［A］ For

　　［B］ As

　　［C］ Because of

　　［D］ With

　　解析：D为正确答案。