(四)过去分词：

　　过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

　　过去分词的句法功能：

　　1。过去分词作定语：

　　Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

　　Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

　　注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

　　2。过去分词作表语：

　　The window is broken. 窗户破了。

　　They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

　　注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：

　　The window is broken。(系表)

　　The window was broken by the boy。(被动)

　　有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：

　　boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)

　　newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)

　　the changed world(变了的世界)

　　这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

　　3。过去分词作宾语补足语：

　　I heard the song sung several times last week。

　　上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。

　　有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：

　　With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

　　4。过去分词作状语：

　　Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents。

　　受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)

　　Once seen, it can never be forgotten。

　　一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。(表示时间)

　　Given more time, I'll be able to do it better。

　　如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。(表示条件)

　　Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy。

　　虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)

　　Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。

　　[编辑本段]典型习题

　　1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did’t include women players until 1919。

　　A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

　　析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D；因B选项表“将要被举行”意，不合题干之用，只有C选项(相当于which was first played)才合用。

　　2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world。

　　A.making B.makes C.made D.to make

　　析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：

　　The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay。公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。

　　3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening。

　　A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

　　析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。

　　4.John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment。

　　A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

　　析：根据be made to do sth。句式，可定答案为A。

　　5.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation。

　　A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating

　　析：根据warn sb。(not)to do sth。句式，可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。

　　6.——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?

　　A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

　　析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try to go，则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。

　　7.______ a reply,he decided to write again。

　　A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received

　　析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。

　　8.Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer。

　　A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented

　　析：consider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有C表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选C。

　　9.Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa。

　　A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited

　　析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引导词who，也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应排除，只有A.invited(＝who were invited)才是正确答案。

　　10.The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back。

　　A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied

　　析：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”，A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句： He came in,(with)his head held high。他昂首走了进来。