跳转到路径导航栏
跳转到正文内容

英语实用手册:被动语态(四)

http://www.sina.com.cn  2009年08月16日 22:54  中国奥数网 

  may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能",主要用于肯定句,决不能用在疑问句中。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能",只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时,可用于各种结构。肯,否,陈,疑均可。

  It can't have been lost in the post, can it?

  它不可能在邮局丢失的吧:(反意疑问句)

  否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前

  在否定句的被动态中,否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后,不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中,第一助动词置于主语之前。

  例:Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike?

  not必须放在第一助动词has之后,第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?

  为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢?

  The exercises will not be done in class。

  不可写成:The exercise will be not done in class。

  我们将不在课堂上作练习。

  In what other way could(一助) information about Mars be(二助) abtained?

  用什么别的途径能获得火星的资料呢?

  Why had he been imprisoned?

  他为何入狱的?

  Need she be told about it?

  需要告诉他吗?

  主动:No one has ever equalled your record。

  被动:Your record has never been equalled。

  没人刷新你的记录。

  主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前

  凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时,后面要用陈述语序。

  例: What(主语) could be dropped from a satellite?

  卫星上扔下何物?

  What measures(主语) are being taken to develop this new science? (主语为疑问词what所修饰)

  正在采取什么措施来发展这门新科学?

  What kind of device(主语) is needed to make the control system simple? (主语为疑问词所修饰)

  需要什么装置来使控制系统简化?

  what has been done to improve the techniques?

  采取了什么措施来改进这些技术的? (what恰是句子的主语)

  应指出的是有的学生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror。都硬行变成被动了, 殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词。反身代词动词,同源宾语动词。系词。感官使役动词,短语动词的被动态。

  主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:

  1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语

  2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。

  3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。

  4.其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。

  [编辑本段]不用被动语态的情况

  1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词):

  appear, die(死亡),disappear(消失), end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

  break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place。

  After the fire, very little remained of my house。

  比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。

  (错) The price has been risen。

  (对) The price has risen。

  (错) The accident was happened last week. 

  (对) The accident happened last week。

  (错) The price has raised. 

  (对) The price has been raised。

  (错) Please seat. 

  (对) Please be seated。

  要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

  2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:

  fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

  This key just fits the lock。

  Your story agrees with what had already been heard。

  3) 系动词无被动语态:

  appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

  It sounds good。

  4) 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:

  die, death, dream, live, life

  She dreamed a bad dream last night。

  5) 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。

  (对) She likes to swim。

  (错) To swim is liked by her.PS:

  [编辑本段]有些动词可以带双宾语

  在用于被动结构时,主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面;直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to

  ★He was asked a number of questions at the press conference。在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题

  ★They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens。他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西。

  ★A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift。作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4。

  [编辑本段]【特别提醒】

  有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如

  We heard him sing in his room just now。

  ---He was heard to sing in his room just now。

  刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。


网友评论 欢迎发表评论

登录名: 密码:
Powered By Google

更多关于 英语 的新闻

新浪简介About Sina广告服务联系我们招聘信息网站律师SINA English会员注册产品答疑┊Copyright © 1996-2009 SINA Corporation, All Rights Reserved

新浪公司 版权所有