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一、 被动语态的用法:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday。
I am asked to study hard by my mother。
Knives are used for cutting things。
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago。
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries。
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city。
Many more trees will be planted next year。
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now。
The door may be locked inside。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow。
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now。
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them。
7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted。
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1. 先找出谓语动词;
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week。
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning。
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far。
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow。
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now。
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave。
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years。
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago。
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well。
This new book sells well。
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by。
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss。
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him。
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him。
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father。
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us。
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day。
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse。